We consider the system h13. Alphabet: 0 : [] --> a rec : [a -> b -> b * b * a] --> b s : [a] --> a xap : [a -> b -> b * a] --> b -> b yap : [b -> b * b] --> b Rules: rec(/\x./\y.yap(xap(f, x), y), z, 0) => z rec(/\x./\y.yap(xap(f, x), y), z, s(u)) => yap(xap(f, s(u)), rec(/\v./\w.yap(xap(f, v), w), z, u)) xap(f, x) => f x yap(f, x) => f x This AFS is converted to an AFSM simply by replacing all free variables by meta-variables (with arity 0). Symbol xap is an encoding for application that is only used in innocuous ways. We can simplify the program (without losing non-termination) by removing it. This gives: Alphabet: 0 : [] --> a rec : [a -> b -> b * b * a] --> b s : [a] --> a yap : [b -> b * b] --> b Rules: rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, 0) => X rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) => yap(F(s(Y)), rec(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Y)) yap(F, X) => F X We use the dependency pair framework as described in [Kop12, Ch. 6/7], with dynamic dependency pairs. After applying [Kop12, Thm. 7.22] to denote collapsing dependency pairs in an extended form, we thus obtain the following dependency pair problem (P_0, R_0, minimal, all): Dependency Pairs P_0: 0] rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) =#> yap#(F(s(Y)), rec(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Y)) 1] rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) =#> F(s(Y)) 2] rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) =#> rec#(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Y) 3] rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) =#> yap#(F(z), u) 4] rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) =#> F(z) 5] yap#(F, X) =#> F(X) Rules R_0: rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, 0) => X rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) => yap(F(s(Y)), rec(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Y)) yap(F, X) => F X Thus, the original system is terminating if (P_0, R_0, minimal, all) is finite. We consider the dependency pair problem (P_0, R_0, minimal, all). We place the elements of P in a dependency graph approximation G (see e.g. [Kop12, Thm. 7.27, 7.29], as follows: * 0 : 5 * 1 : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 * 2 : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 * 3 : * 4 : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 * 5 : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 This graph has the following strongly connected components: P_1: rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) =#> yap#(F(s(Y)), rec(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Y)) rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) =#> F(s(Y)) rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) =#> rec#(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Y) rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) =#> F(z) yap#(F, X) =#> F(X) By [Kop12, Thm. 7.31], we may replace any dependency pair problem (P_0, R_0, m, f) by (P_1, R_0, m, f). Thus, the original system is terminating if (P_1, R_0, minimal, all) is finite. We consider the dependency pair problem (P_1, R_0, minimal, all). We will use the reduction pair processor [Kop12, Thm. 7.16]. It suffices to find a standard reduction pair [Kop12, Def. 6.69]. Thus, we must orient: rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >? yap#(F(s(Y)), rec(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Y)) rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >? F(s(Y)) ~c0 rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >? rec#(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Y) rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >? F(~c2) ~c1 yap#(F, X) >? F(X) rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, 0) >= X rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= yap(F(s(Y)), rec(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Y)) yap(F, X) >= F X rec(F, X, Y) >= rec#(F, X, Y) yap(F, X) >= yap#(F, X) We apply [Kop12, Thm. 6.75] and use the following argument functions: pi( yap#(F, X) ) = #argfun-yap##(F X) Since this representation is not advantageous for the higher-order recursive path ordering, we present the strict requirements in their unextended form, which is not problematic since for any F, s and substituion gamma: (F s)gamma beta-reduces to F(s)gamma.) We use a recursive path ordering as defined in [Kop12, Chapter 5]. Argument functions: [[~c0]] = _|_ [[~c1]] = _|_ [[~c2]] = _|_ We choose Lex = {} and Mul = {#argfun-yap##, 0, @_{o -> o}, rec, rec#, s, yap, yap#}, and the following precedence: s > rec = rec# > yap > #argfun-yap## > yap# > 0 > @_{o -> o} Taking the argument function into account, and fixing the greater / greater equal choices, the constraints can be denoted as follows: rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y))) rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= @_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), _|_) rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) > rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y) rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) > @_{o -> o}(F(_|_), _|_) #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, 0) >= X rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= yap(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y)) yap(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) rec(F, X, Y) >= rec#(F, X, Y) yap(F, X) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) With these choices, we have: 1] rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y))) because [2], by (Star) 2] rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y))) because [3], by (Select) 3] yap(F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))), rec#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, s(Y))) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y))) because [4], by (Star) 4] yap*(F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))), rec#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, s(Y))) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y))) because yap > #argfun-yap## and [5], by (Copy) 5] yap*(F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))), rec#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, s(Y))) >= @_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y)) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [6] and [11], by (Copy) 6] yap*(F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))), rec#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, s(Y))) >= F(s(Y)) because [7], by (Select) 7] F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))) >= F(s(Y)) because [8], by (Meta) 8] rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= s(Y) because [9], by (Select) 9] s(Y) >= s(Y) because s in Mul and [10], by (Fun) 10] Y >= Y by (Meta) 11] yap*(F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))), rec#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, s(Y))) >= rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y) because [12], by (Select) 12] rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y) because rec# = rec, rec# in Mul, [13], [19] and [20], by (Stat) 13] /\x./\z.yap(F(x), z) >= /\x./\z.yap(F(x), z) because [14], by (Abs) 14] /\z.yap(F(y), z) >= /\z.yap(F(y), z) because [15], by (Abs) 15] yap(F(y), x) >= yap(F(y), x) because yap in Mul, [16] and [18], by (Fun) 16] F(y) >= F(y) because [17], by (Meta) 17] y >= y by (Var) 18] x >= x by (Var) 19] X >= X by (Meta) 20] s(Y) > Y because [21], by definition 21] s*(Y) >= Y because [10], by (Select) 22] rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= @_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), _|_) because [23], by (Star) 23] rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= @_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), _|_) because rec# > @_{o -> o}, [24] and [26], by (Copy) 24] rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= F(s(Y)) because [25], by (Select) 25] /\x.yap(F(rec#*(/\y./\z.yap(F(y), z), X, s(Y))), x) >= F(s(Y)) because [7], by (Eta)[Kop13:2] 26] rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= _|_ by (Bot) 27] rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) > rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y) because [28], by definition 28] rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y) because rec# in Mul, [13], [19] and [20], by (Stat) 29] rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) > @_{o -> o}(F(_|_), _|_) because [30], by definition 30] rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= @_{o -> o}(F(_|_), _|_) because [31], by (Select) 31] yap(F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))), rec#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, s(Y))) >= @_{o -> o}(F(_|_), _|_) because [32], by (Star) 32] yap*(F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))), rec#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, s(Y))) >= @_{o -> o}(F(_|_), _|_) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [33] and [36], by (Copy) 33] yap*(F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))), rec#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, s(Y))) >= F(_|_) because [34], by (Select) 34] F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))) >= F(_|_) because [35], by (Meta) 35] rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= _|_ by (Bot) 36] yap*(F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))), rec#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, s(Y))) >= _|_ by (Bot) 37] #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [38], by (Star) 38] #argfun-yap##*(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [39], by (Select) 39] @_{o -> o}(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because @_{o -> o} in Mul, [40] and [41], by (Fun) 40] F >= F by (Meta) 41] X >= X by (Meta) 42] rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, 0) >= X because [43], by (Star) 43] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, 0) >= X because [44], by (Select) 44] X >= X by (Meta) 45] rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= yap(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y)) because [46], by (Star) 46] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= yap(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y)) because rec > yap, [47] and [51], by (Copy) 47] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= F(s(Y)) because [48], by (Select) 48] /\x.yap(F(rec*(/\y./\z.yap(F(y), z), X, s(Y))), x) >= F(s(Y)) because [49], by (Eta)[Kop13:2] 49] F(rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))) >= F(s(Y)) because [50], by (Meta) 50] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= s(Y) because [9], by (Select) 51] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y) because rec in Mul, [13], [19] and [20], by (Stat) 52] yap(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [53], by (Star) 53] yap*(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [54] and [55], by (Copy) 54] yap*(F, X) >= F because [40], by (Select) 55] yap*(F, X) >= X because [41], by (Select) 56] rec(F, X, Y) >= rec#(F, X, Y) because rec = rec#, rec in Mul, [57], [58] and [59], by (Fun) 57] F >= F by (Meta) 58] X >= X by (Meta) 59] Y >= Y by (Meta) 60] yap(F, X) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) because [61], by (Star) 61] yap*(F, X) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) because yap > #argfun-yap## and [62], by (Copy) 62] yap*(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [63] and [65], by (Copy) 63] yap*(F, X) >= F because [64], by (Select) 64] F >= F by (Meta) 65] yap*(F, X) >= X because [66], by (Select) 66] X >= X by (Meta) By the observations in [Kop12, Sec. 6.6], this reduction pair suffices; we may thus replace the dependency pair problem (P_1, R_0, minimal, all) by (P_2, R_0, minimal, all), where P_2 consists of: rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) =#> yap#(F(s(Y)), rec(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Y)) rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) =#> F(s(Y)) yap#(F, X) =#> F(X) Thus, the original system is terminating if (P_2, R_0, minimal, all) is finite. We consider the dependency pair problem (P_2, R_0, minimal, all). We will use the reduction pair processor [Kop12, Thm. 7.16]. It suffices to find a standard reduction pair [Kop12, Def. 6.69]. Thus, we must orient: rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >? yap#(F(s(Y)), rec(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Y)) rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >? F(s(Y)) ~c0 yap#(F, X) >? F(X) rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, 0) >= X rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= yap(F(s(Y)), rec(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Y)) yap(F, X) >= F X rec(F, X, Y) >= rec#(F, X, Y) yap(F, X) >= yap#(F, X) We apply [Kop12, Thm. 6.75] and use the following argument functions: pi( yap#(F, X) ) = #argfun-yap##(F X) Since this representation is not advantageous for the higher-order recursive path ordering, we present the strict requirements in their unextended form, which is not problematic since for any F, s and substituion gamma: (F s)gamma beta-reduces to F(s)gamma.) We use a recursive path ordering as defined in [Kop12, Chapter 5]. Argument functions: [[#argfun-yap##(x_1)]] = x_1 [[~c0]] = _|_ We choose Lex = {} and Mul = {0, @_{o -> o}, rec, rec#, s, yap, yap#}, and the following precedence: 0 > s > rec = rec# > @_{o -> o} = yap > yap# Taking the argument function into account, and fixing the greater / greater equal choices, the constraints can be denoted as follows: rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) > @_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y)) rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= @_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), _|_) @_{o -> o}(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, 0) >= X rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= yap(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y)) yap(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) rec(F, X, Y) >= rec#(F, X, Y) yap(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) With these choices, we have: 1] rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) > @_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y)) because [2], by definition 2] rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= @_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y)) because rec# > @_{o -> o}, [3] and [9], by (Copy) 3] rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= F(s(Y)) because [4], by (Select) 4] /\x.yap(F(rec#*(/\y./\z.yap(F(y), z), X, s(Y))), x) >= F(s(Y)) because [5], by (Eta)[Kop13:2] 5] F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))) >= F(s(Y)) because [6], by (Meta) 6] rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= s(Y) because [7], by (Select) 7] s(Y) >= s(Y) because s in Mul and [8], by (Fun) 8] Y >= Y by (Meta) 9] rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y) because rec# = rec, rec# in Mul, [10], [16] and [17], by (Stat) 10] /\x./\z.yap(F(x), z) >= /\x./\z.yap(F(x), z) because [11], by (Abs) 11] /\z.yap(F(y), z) >= /\z.yap(F(y), z) because [12], by (Abs) 12] yap(F(y), x) >= yap(F(y), x) because yap in Mul, [13] and [15], by (Fun) 13] F(y) >= F(y) because [14], by (Meta) 14] y >= y by (Var) 15] x >= x by (Var) 16] X >= X by (Meta) 17] s(Y) > Y because [18], by definition 18] s*(Y) >= Y because [8], by (Select) 19] rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= @_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), _|_) because [20], by (Star) 20] rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= @_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), _|_) because [21], by (Select) 21] yap(F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))), rec#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, s(Y))) >= @_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), _|_) because yap = @_{o -> o}, yap in Mul, [22] and [23], by (Fun) 22] F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))) >= F(s(Y)) because [6], by (Meta) 23] rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= _|_ by (Bot) 24] @_{o -> o}(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because @_{o -> o} in Mul, [25] and [26], by (Fun) 25] F >= F by (Meta) 26] X >= X by (Meta) 27] rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, 0) >= X because [28], by (Star) 28] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, 0) >= X because [29], by (Select) 29] X >= X by (Meta) 30] rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= yap(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y)) because [31], by (Star) 31] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= yap(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y)) because rec > yap, [32] and [36], by (Copy) 32] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= F(s(Y)) because [33], by (Select) 33] /\x.yap(F(rec*(/\y./\z.yap(F(y), z), X, s(Y))), x) >= F(s(Y)) because [34], by (Eta)[Kop13:2] 34] F(rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))) >= F(s(Y)) because [35], by (Meta) 35] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= s(Y) because [7], by (Select) 36] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y) because rec in Mul, [10], [16] and [17], by (Stat) 37] yap(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because yap = @_{o -> o}, yap in Mul, [25] and [26], by (Fun) 38] rec(F, X, Y) >= rec#(F, X, Y) because rec = rec#, rec in Mul, [39], [40] and [41], by (Fun) 39] F >= F by (Meta) 40] X >= X by (Meta) 41] Y >= Y by (Meta) 42] yap(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because yap = @_{o -> o}, yap in Mul, [43] and [44], by (Fun) 43] F >= F by (Meta) 44] X >= X by (Meta) By the observations in [Kop12, Sec. 6.6], this reduction pair suffices; we may thus replace the dependency pair problem (P_2, R_0, minimal, all) by (P_3, R_0, minimal, all), where P_3 consists of: rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) =#> F(s(Y)) yap#(F, X) =#> F(X) Thus, the original system is terminating if (P_3, R_0, minimal, all) is finite. We consider the dependency pair problem (P_3, R_0, minimal, all). We will use the reduction pair processor [Kop12, Thm. 7.16]. It suffices to find a standard reduction pair [Kop12, Def. 6.69]. Thus, we must orient: rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >? F(s(Y)) ~c0 yap#(F, X) >? F(X) rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, 0) >= X rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= yap(F(s(Y)), rec(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Y)) yap(F, X) >= F X rec(F, X, Y) >= rec#(F, X, Y) yap(F, X) >= yap#(F, X) We apply [Kop12, Thm. 6.75] and use the following argument functions: pi( yap#(F, X) ) = #argfun-yap##(F X) Since this representation is not advantageous for the higher-order recursive path ordering, we present the strict requirements in their unextended form, which is not problematic since for any F, s and substituion gamma: (F s)gamma beta-reduces to F(s)gamma.) We use a recursive path ordering as defined in [Kop12, Chapter 5]. Argument functions: [[~c0]] = _|_ We choose Lex = {} and Mul = {#argfun-yap##, 0, @_{o -> o}, rec, rec#, s, yap, yap#}, and the following precedence: 0 > rec > yap > #argfun-yap## > rec# > s > @_{o -> o} > yap# Taking the argument function into account, and fixing the greater / greater equal choices, the constraints can be denoted as follows: rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) > @_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), _|_) #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, 0) >= X rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= yap(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y)) yap(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) rec(F, X, Y) >= rec#(F, X, Y) yap(F, X) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) With these choices, we have: 1] rec#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) > @_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), _|_) because [2], by definition 2] rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= @_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), _|_) because [3], by (Select) 3] yap(F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))), rec#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, s(Y))) >= @_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), _|_) because [4], by (Star) 4] yap*(F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))), rec#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, s(Y))) >= @_{o -> o}(F(s(Y)), _|_) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [5] and [10], by (Copy) 5] yap*(F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))), rec#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, s(Y))) >= F(s(Y)) because [6], by (Select) 6] F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))) >= F(s(Y)) because [7], by (Meta) 7] rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= s(Y) because [8], by (Select) 8] s(Y) >= s(Y) because s in Mul and [9], by (Fun) 9] Y >= Y by (Meta) 10] yap*(F(rec#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))), rec#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, s(Y))) >= _|_ by (Bot) 11] #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [12], by (Star) 12] #argfun-yap##*(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [13], by (Select) 13] @_{o -> o}(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because @_{o -> o} in Mul, [14] and [15], by (Fun) 14] F >= F by (Meta) 15] X >= X by (Meta) 16] rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, 0) >= X because [17], by (Star) 17] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, 0) >= X because [18], by (Select) 18] X >= X by (Meta) 19] rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= yap(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y)) because [20], by (Star) 20] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= yap(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y)) because rec > yap, [21] and [25], by (Copy) 21] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= F(s(Y)) because [22], by (Select) 22] /\x.yap(F(rec*(/\y./\z.yap(F(y), z), X, s(Y))), x) >= F(s(Y)) because [23], by (Eta)[Kop13:2] 23] F(rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))) >= F(s(Y)) because [24], by (Meta) 24] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= s(Y) because [8], by (Select) 25] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y) because rec in Mul, [26], [32] and [33], by (Stat) 26] /\x./\z.yap(F(x), z) >= /\x./\z.yap(F(x), z) because [27], by (Abs) 27] /\z.yap(F(y), z) >= /\z.yap(F(y), z) because [28], by (Abs) 28] yap(F(y), x) >= yap(F(y), x) because yap in Mul, [29] and [31], by (Fun) 29] F(y) >= F(y) because [30], by (Meta) 30] y >= y by (Var) 31] x >= x by (Var) 32] X >= X by (Meta) 33] s(Y) > Y because [34], by definition 34] s*(Y) >= Y because [9], by (Select) 35] yap(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [36], by (Star) 36] yap*(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [37] and [38], by (Copy) 37] yap*(F, X) >= F because [14], by (Select) 38] yap*(F, X) >= X because [15], by (Select) 39] rec(F, X, Y) >= rec#(F, X, Y) because [40], by (Star) 40] rec*(F, X, Y) >= rec#(F, X, Y) because rec > rec#, [41], [43] and [45], by (Copy) 41] rec*(F, X, Y) >= F because [42], by (Select) 42] F >= F by (Meta) 43] rec*(F, X, Y) >= X because [44], by (Select) 44] X >= X by (Meta) 45] rec*(F, X, Y) >= Y because [46], by (Select) 46] Y >= Y by (Meta) 47] yap(F, X) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) because [48], by (Star) 48] yap*(F, X) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) because yap > #argfun-yap## and [49], by (Copy) 49] yap*(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [50] and [52], by (Copy) 50] yap*(F, X) >= F because [51], by (Select) 51] F >= F by (Meta) 52] yap*(F, X) >= X because [53], by (Select) 53] X >= X by (Meta) By the observations in [Kop12, Sec. 6.6], this reduction pair suffices; we may thus replace the dependency pair problem (P_3, R_0, minimal, all) by (P_4, R_0, minimal, all), where P_4 consists of: yap#(F, X) =#> F(X) Thus, the original system is terminating if (P_4, R_0, minimal, all) is finite. We consider the dependency pair problem (P_4, R_0, minimal, all). We will use the reduction pair processor [Kop12, Thm. 7.16]. It suffices to find a standard reduction pair [Kop12, Def. 6.69]. Thus, we must orient: yap#(F, X) >? F(X) rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, 0) >= X rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= yap(F(s(Y)), rec(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Y)) yap(F, X) >= F X yap(F, X) >= yap#(F, X) We apply [Kop12, Thm. 6.75] and use the following argument functions: pi( yap#(F, X) ) = #argfun-yap##(F X) Since this representation is not advantageous for the higher-order recursive path ordering, we present the strict requirements in their unextended form, which is not problematic since for any F, s and substituion gamma: (F s)gamma beta-reduces to F(s)gamma.) We use a recursive path ordering as defined in [Kop12, Chapter 5]. We choose Lex = {} and Mul = {#argfun-yap##, 0, @_{o -> o}, rec, s, yap, yap#}, and the following precedence: 0 > rec > s > yap > #argfun-yap## > @_{o -> o} > yap# With these choices, we have: 1] #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) > @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [2], by definition 2] #argfun-yap##*(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [3], by (Select) 3] @_{o -> o}(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because @_{o -> o} in Mul, [4] and [5], by (Fun) 4] F >= F by (Meta) 5] X >= X by (Meta) 6] rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, 0) >= X because [7], by (Star) 7] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, 0) >= X because [8], by (Select) 8] X >= X by (Meta) 9] rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= yap(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y)) because [10], by (Star) 10] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= yap(F(s(Y)), rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y)) because rec > yap, [11] and [19], by (Copy) 11] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= F(s(Y)) because [12], by (Select) 12] /\x.yap(F(rec*(/\y./\z.yap(F(y), z), X, s(Y))), x) >= F(s(Y)) because [13], by (Eta)[Kop13:2] 13] F(rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y))) >= F(s(Y)) because [14], by (Meta) 14] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= s(Y) because rec > s and [15], by (Copy) 15] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= Y because [16], by (Select) 16] s(Y) >= Y because [17], by (Star) 17] s*(Y) >= Y because [18], by (Select) 18] Y >= Y by (Meta) 19] rec*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, s(Y)) >= rec(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Y) because rec in Mul, [20], [26] and [27], by (Stat) 20] /\x./\z.yap(F(x), z) >= /\x./\z.yap(F(x), z) because [21], by (Abs) 21] /\z.yap(F(y), z) >= /\z.yap(F(y), z) because [22], by (Abs) 22] yap(F(y), x) >= yap(F(y), x) because yap in Mul, [23] and [25], by (Fun) 23] F(y) >= F(y) because [24], by (Meta) 24] y >= y by (Var) 25] x >= x by (Var) 26] X >= X by (Meta) 27] s(Y) > Y because [28], by definition 28] s*(Y) >= Y because [18], by (Select) 29] yap(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [30], by (Star) 30] yap*(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [31] and [32], by (Copy) 31] yap*(F, X) >= F because [4], by (Select) 32] yap*(F, X) >= X because [5], by (Select) 33] yap(F, X) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) because [34], by (Star) 34] yap*(F, X) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) because yap > #argfun-yap## and [35], by (Copy) 35] yap*(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [36] and [38], by (Copy) 36] yap*(F, X) >= F because [37], by (Select) 37] F >= F by (Meta) 38] yap*(F, X) >= X because [39], by (Select) 39] X >= X by (Meta) By the observations in [Kop12, Sec. 6.6], this reduction pair suffices; we may thus replace a dependency pair problem (P_4, R_0) by ({}, R_0). By the empty set processor [Kop12, Thm. 7.15] this problem may be immediately removed. As all dependency pair problems were succesfully simplified with sound (and complete) processors until nothing remained, we conclude termination. +++ Citations +++ [Kop12] C. Kop. Higher Order Termination. PhD Thesis, 2012. [Kop13:2] C. Kop. StarHorpo with an Eta-Rule. Unpublished manuscript, http://cl-informatik.uibk.ac.at/users/kop/etahorpo.pdf, 2013.