We consider the system h56. Alphabet: cons : [a * b] --> b foldr : [a -> b -> b * b * b] --> b nil : [] --> b xap : [a -> b -> b * a] --> b -> b yap : [b -> b * b] --> b Rules: foldr(/\x./\y.yap(xap(f, x), y), z, nil) => z foldr(/\x./\y.yap(xap(f, x), y), z, cons(u, v)) => yap(xap(f, u), foldr(/\w./\x'.yap(xap(f, w), x'), z, v)) xap(f, x) => f x yap(f, x) => f x This AFS is converted to an AFSM simply by replacing all free variables by meta-variables (with arity 0). Symbol xap is an encoding for application that is only used in innocuous ways. We can simplify the program (without losing non-termination) by removing it. This gives: Alphabet: cons : [a * b] --> b foldr : [a -> b -> b * b * b] --> b nil : [] --> b yap : [b -> b * b] --> b Rules: foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, nil) => X foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) => yap(F(Y), foldr(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Z)) yap(F, X) => F X We use the dependency pair framework as described in [Kop12, Ch. 6/7], with dynamic dependency pairs. After applying [Kop12, Thm. 7.22] to denote collapsing dependency pairs in an extended form, we thus obtain the following dependency pair problem (P_0, R_0, minimal, all): Dependency Pairs P_0: 0] foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) =#> yap#(F(Y), foldr(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Z)) 1] foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) =#> F(Y) 2] foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) =#> foldr#(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Z) 3] foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) =#> yap#(F(z), u) 4] foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) =#> F(z) 5] yap#(F, X) =#> F(X) Rules R_0: foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, nil) => X foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) => yap(F(Y), foldr(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Z)) yap(F, X) => F X Thus, the original system is terminating if (P_0, R_0, minimal, all) is finite. We consider the dependency pair problem (P_0, R_0, minimal, all). We place the elements of P in a dependency graph approximation G (see e.g. [Kop12, Thm. 7.27, 7.29], as follows: * 0 : 5 * 1 : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 * 2 : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 * 3 : * 4 : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 * 5 : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 This graph has the following strongly connected components: P_1: foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) =#> yap#(F(Y), foldr(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Z)) foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) =#> F(Y) foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) =#> foldr#(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Z) foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) =#> F(z) yap#(F, X) =#> F(X) By [Kop12, Thm. 7.31], we may replace any dependency pair problem (P_0, R_0, m, f) by (P_1, R_0, m, f). Thus, the original system is terminating if (P_1, R_0, minimal, all) is finite. We consider the dependency pair problem (P_1, R_0, minimal, all). We will use the reduction pair processor [Kop12, Thm. 7.16]. It suffices to find a standard reduction pair [Kop12, Def. 6.69]. Thus, we must orient: foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >? yap#(F(Y), foldr(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Z)) foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >? F(Y) ~c0 foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >? foldr#(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Z) foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >? F(~c2) ~c1 yap#(F, X) >? F(X) foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, nil) >= X foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= yap(F(Y), foldr(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Z)) yap(F, X) >= F X foldr(F, X, Y) >= foldr#(F, X, Y) yap(F, X) >= yap#(F, X) We apply [Kop12, Thm. 6.75] and use the following argument functions: pi( yap#(F, X) ) = #argfun-yap##(F X) Since this representation is not advantageous for the higher-order recursive path ordering, we present the strict requirements in their unextended form, which is not problematic since for any F, s and substituion gamma: (F s)gamma beta-reduces to F(s)gamma.) We use a recursive path ordering as defined in [Kop12, Chapter 5]. Argument functions: [[~c0]] = _|_ [[~c1]] = _|_ [[~c2]] = _|_ We choose Lex = {} and Mul = {#argfun-yap##, @_{o -> o}, cons, foldr, foldr#, nil, yap, yap#}, and the following precedence: cons > nil > foldr = foldr# > yap > #argfun-yap## > @_{o -> o} > yap# Taking the argument function into account, and fixing the greater / greater equal choices, the constraints can be denoted as follows: foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z))) foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= @_{o -> o}(F(Y), _|_) foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z) foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) > @_{o -> o}(F(_|_), _|_) #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, nil) >= X foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= yap(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z)) yap(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) foldr(F, X, Y) >= foldr#(F, X, Y) yap(F, X) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) With these choices, we have: 1] foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z))) because [2], by (Star) 2] foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z))) because [3], by (Select) 3] yap(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z))) because [4], by (Star) 4] yap*(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z))) because yap > #argfun-yap## and [5], by (Copy) 5] yap*(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= @_{o -> o}(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z)) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [6] and [12], by (Copy) 6] yap*(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= F(Y) because [7], by (Select) 7] F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= F(Y) because [8], by (Meta) 8] foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= Y because [9], by (Select) 9] cons(Y, Z) >= Y because [10], by (Star) 10] cons*(Y, Z) >= Y because [11], by (Select) 11] Y >= Y by (Meta) 12] yap*(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z) because [13], by (Select) 13] foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z) because foldr# = foldr, foldr# in Mul, [14], [20] and [21], by (Stat) 14] /\x./\z.yap(F(x), z) >= /\x./\z.yap(F(x), z) because [15], by (Abs) 15] /\z.yap(F(y), z) >= /\z.yap(F(y), z) because [16], by (Abs) 16] yap(F(y), x) >= yap(F(y), x) because yap in Mul, [17] and [19], by (Fun) 17] F(y) >= F(y) because [18], by (Meta) 18] y >= y by (Var) 19] x >= x by (Var) 20] X >= X by (Meta) 21] cons(Y, Z) > Z because [22], by definition 22] cons*(Y, Z) >= Z because [23], by (Select) 23] Z >= Z by (Meta) 24] foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= @_{o -> o}(F(Y), _|_) because [25], by (Star) 25] foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= @_{o -> o}(F(Y), _|_) because [26], by (Select) 26] yap(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= @_{o -> o}(F(Y), _|_) because [27], by (Star) 27] yap*(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= @_{o -> o}(F(Y), _|_) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [6] and [28], by (Copy) 28] yap*(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= _|_ by (Bot) 29] foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z) because foldr# in Mul, [14], [20] and [30], by (Fun) 30] cons(Y, Z) >= Z because [22], by (Star) 31] foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) > @_{o -> o}(F(_|_), _|_) because [32], by definition 32] foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= @_{o -> o}(F(_|_), _|_) because foldr# > @_{o -> o}, [33] and [37], by (Copy) 33] foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= F(_|_) because [34], by (Select) 34] /\x.yap(F(foldr#*(/\y./\z.yap(F(y), z), X, cons(Y, Z))), x) >= F(_|_) because [35], by (Eta)[Kop13:2] 35] F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= F(_|_) because [36], by (Meta) 36] foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= _|_ by (Bot) 37] foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= _|_ by (Bot) 38] #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [39], by (Star) 39] #argfun-yap##*(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [40], by (Select) 40] @_{o -> o}(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because @_{o -> o} in Mul, [41] and [42], by (Fun) 41] F >= F by (Meta) 42] X >= X by (Meta) 43] foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, nil) >= X because [44], by (Star) 44] foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, nil) >= X because [45], by (Select) 45] X >= X by (Meta) 46] foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= yap(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z)) because [47], by (Star) 47] foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= yap(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z)) because foldr > yap, [48] and [52], by (Copy) 48] foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= F(Y) because [49], by (Select) 49] /\x.yap(F(foldr*(/\y./\z.yap(F(y), z), X, cons(Y, Z))), x) >= F(Y) because [50], by (Eta)[Kop13:2] 50] F(foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= F(Y) because [51], by (Meta) 51] foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= Y because [9], by (Select) 52] foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z) because foldr in Mul, [14], [20] and [21], by (Stat) 53] yap(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [54], by (Star) 54] yap*(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [55] and [56], by (Copy) 55] yap*(F, X) >= F because [41], by (Select) 56] yap*(F, X) >= X because [42], by (Select) 57] foldr(F, X, Y) >= foldr#(F, X, Y) because foldr = foldr#, foldr in Mul, [58], [59] and [60], by (Fun) 58] F >= F by (Meta) 59] X >= X by (Meta) 60] Y >= Y by (Meta) 61] yap(F, X) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) because [62], by (Star) 62] yap*(F, X) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) because yap > #argfun-yap## and [63], by (Copy) 63] yap*(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [64] and [66], by (Copy) 64] yap*(F, X) >= F because [65], by (Select) 65] F >= F by (Meta) 66] yap*(F, X) >= X because [67], by (Select) 67] X >= X by (Meta) By the observations in [Kop12, Sec. 6.6], this reduction pair suffices; we may thus replace the dependency pair problem (P_1, R_0, minimal, all) by (P_2, R_0, minimal, all), where P_2 consists of: foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) =#> yap#(F(Y), foldr(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Z)) foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) =#> F(Y) foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) =#> foldr#(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Z) yap#(F, X) =#> F(X) Thus, the original system is terminating if (P_2, R_0, minimal, all) is finite. We consider the dependency pair problem (P_2, R_0, minimal, all). We will use the reduction pair processor [Kop12, Thm. 7.16]. It suffices to find a standard reduction pair [Kop12, Def. 6.69]. Thus, we must orient: foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >? yap#(F(Y), foldr(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Z)) foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >? F(Y) ~c0 foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >? foldr#(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Z) yap#(F, X) >? F(X) foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, nil) >= X foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= yap(F(Y), foldr(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Z)) yap(F, X) >= F X foldr(F, X, Y) >= foldr#(F, X, Y) yap(F, X) >= yap#(F, X) We apply [Kop12, Thm. 6.75] and use the following argument functions: pi( yap#(F, X) ) = #argfun-yap##(F X) Since this representation is not advantageous for the higher-order recursive path ordering, we present the strict requirements in their unextended form, which is not problematic since for any F, s and substituion gamma: (F s)gamma beta-reduces to F(s)gamma.) We use a recursive path ordering as defined in [Kop12, Chapter 5]. Argument functions: [[~c0]] = _|_ We choose Lex = {} and Mul = {#argfun-yap##, @_{o -> o}, cons, foldr, foldr#, nil, yap, yap#}, and the following precedence: cons > foldr = foldr# > nil > yap > #argfun-yap## > @_{o -> o} > yap# Taking the argument function into account, and fixing the greater / greater equal choices, the constraints can be denoted as follows: foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) > #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z))) foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) > @_{o -> o}(F(Y), _|_) foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) > foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z) #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, nil) >= X foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= yap(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z)) yap(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) foldr(F, X, Y) >= foldr#(F, X, Y) yap(F, X) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) With these choices, we have: 1] foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) > #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z))) because [2], by definition 2] foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z))) because [3], by (Select) 3] yap(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z))) because [4], by (Star) 4] yap*(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z))) because yap > #argfun-yap## and [5], by (Copy) 5] yap*(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= @_{o -> o}(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z)) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [6] and [15], by (Copy) 6] yap*(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= F(Y) because [7], by (Select) 7] F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= F(Y) because [8], by (Meta) 8] foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= Y because [9], by (Select) 9] yap(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= Y because [10], by (Star) 10] yap*(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= Y because [11], by (Select) 11] foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= Y because [12], by (Select) 12] cons(Y, Z) >= Y because [13], by (Star) 13] cons*(Y, Z) >= Y because [14], by (Select) 14] Y >= Y by (Meta) 15] yap*(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z) because [16], by (Select) 16] foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z) because foldr# = foldr, foldr# in Mul, [17], [23] and [24], by (Stat) 17] /\x./\z.yap(F(x), z) >= /\x./\z.yap(F(x), z) because [18], by (Abs) 18] /\z.yap(F(y), z) >= /\z.yap(F(y), z) because [19], by (Abs) 19] yap(F(y), x) >= yap(F(y), x) because yap in Mul, [20] and [22], by (Fun) 20] F(y) >= F(y) because [21], by (Meta) 21] y >= y by (Var) 22] x >= x by (Var) 23] X >= X by (Meta) 24] cons(Y, Z) > Z because [25], by definition 25] cons*(Y, Z) >= Z because [26], by (Select) 26] Z >= Z by (Meta) 27] foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) > @_{o -> o}(F(Y), _|_) because [28], by definition 28] foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= @_{o -> o}(F(Y), _|_) because [29], by (Select) 29] yap(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= @_{o -> o}(F(Y), _|_) because [30], by (Star) 30] yap*(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= @_{o -> o}(F(Y), _|_) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [6] and [31], by (Copy) 31] yap*(F(foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))), foldr#*(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= _|_ by (Bot) 32] foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) > foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z) because [33], by definition 33] foldr#*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= foldr#(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z) because foldr# in Mul, [17], [23] and [24], by (Stat) 34] #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [35], by (Star) 35] #argfun-yap##*(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [36], by (Select) 36] @_{o -> o}(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because @_{o -> o} in Mul, [37] and [38], by (Fun) 37] F >= F by (Meta) 38] X >= X by (Meta) 39] foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, nil) >= X because [40], by (Star) 40] foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, nil) >= X because [41], by (Select) 41] X >= X by (Meta) 42] foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= yap(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z)) because [43], by (Star) 43] foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= yap(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z)) because foldr > yap, [44] and [48], by (Copy) 44] foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= F(Y) because [45], by (Select) 45] /\x.yap(F(foldr*(/\y./\z.yap(F(y), z), X, cons(Y, Z))), x) >= F(Y) because [46], by (Eta)[Kop13:2] 46] F(foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= F(Y) because [47], by (Meta) 47] foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= Y because [12], by (Select) 48] foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z) because foldr in Mul, [17], [23] and [24], by (Stat) 49] yap(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [50], by (Star) 50] yap*(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [51] and [52], by (Copy) 51] yap*(F, X) >= F because [37], by (Select) 52] yap*(F, X) >= X because [38], by (Select) 53] foldr(F, X, Y) >= foldr#(F, X, Y) because foldr = foldr#, foldr in Mul, [54], [55] and [56], by (Fun) 54] F >= F by (Meta) 55] X >= X by (Meta) 56] Y >= Y by (Meta) 57] yap(F, X) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) because [58], by (Star) 58] yap*(F, X) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) because yap > #argfun-yap## and [59], by (Copy) 59] yap*(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [60] and [62], by (Copy) 60] yap*(F, X) >= F because [61], by (Select) 61] F >= F by (Meta) 62] yap*(F, X) >= X because [63], by (Select) 63] X >= X by (Meta) By the observations in [Kop12, Sec. 6.6], this reduction pair suffices; we may thus replace the dependency pair problem (P_2, R_0, minimal, all) by (P_3, R_0, minimal, all), where P_3 consists of: yap#(F, X) =#> F(X) Thus, the original system is terminating if (P_3, R_0, minimal, all) is finite. We consider the dependency pair problem (P_3, R_0, minimal, all). We will use the reduction pair processor [Kop12, Thm. 7.16]. It suffices to find a standard reduction pair [Kop12, Def. 6.69]. Thus, we must orient: yap#(F, X) >? F(X) foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, nil) >= X foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= yap(F(Y), foldr(/\z./\u.yap(F(z), u), X, Z)) yap(F, X) >= F X yap(F, X) >= yap#(F, X) We apply [Kop12, Thm. 6.75] and use the following argument functions: pi( yap#(F, X) ) = #argfun-yap##(F X) Since this representation is not advantageous for the higher-order recursive path ordering, we present the strict requirements in their unextended form, which is not problematic since for any F, s and substituion gamma: (F s)gamma beta-reduces to F(s)gamma.) We use a recursive path ordering as defined in [Kop12, Chapter 5]. We choose Lex = {} and Mul = {#argfun-yap##, @_{o -> o}, cons, foldr, nil, yap, yap#}, and the following precedence: cons > foldr > nil > yap > #argfun-yap## > @_{o -> o} > yap# With these choices, we have: 1] #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) > @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [2], by definition 2] #argfun-yap##*(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [3], by (Select) 3] @_{o -> o}(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because @_{o -> o} in Mul, [4] and [5], by (Fun) 4] F >= F by (Meta) 5] X >= X by (Meta) 6] foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, nil) >= X because [7], by (Star) 7] foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, nil) >= X because [8], by (Select) 8] X >= X by (Meta) 9] foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= yap(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z)) because [10], by (Star) 10] foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= yap(F(Y), foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z)) because foldr > yap, [11] and [18], by (Copy) 11] foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= F(Y) because [12], by (Select) 12] /\x.yap(F(foldr*(/\y./\z.yap(F(y), z), X, cons(Y, Z))), x) >= F(Y) because [13], by (Eta)[Kop13:2] 13] F(foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z))) >= F(Y) because [14], by (Meta) 14] foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= Y because [15], by (Select) 15] cons(Y, Z) >= Y because [16], by (Star) 16] cons*(Y, Z) >= Y because [17], by (Select) 17] Y >= Y by (Meta) 18] foldr*(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, cons(Y, Z)) >= foldr(/\x./\y.yap(F(x), y), X, Z) because foldr in Mul, [19], [25] and [26], by (Stat) 19] /\x./\z.yap(F(x), z) >= /\x./\z.yap(F(x), z) because [20], by (Abs) 20] /\z.yap(F(y), z) >= /\z.yap(F(y), z) because [21], by (Abs) 21] yap(F(y), x) >= yap(F(y), x) because yap in Mul, [22] and [24], by (Fun) 22] F(y) >= F(y) because [23], by (Meta) 23] y >= y by (Var) 24] x >= x by (Var) 25] X >= X by (Meta) 26] cons(Y, Z) > Z because [27], by definition 27] cons*(Y, Z) >= Z because [28], by (Select) 28] Z >= Z by (Meta) 29] yap(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because [30], by (Star) 30] yap*(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [31] and [32], by (Copy) 31] yap*(F, X) >= F because [4], by (Select) 32] yap*(F, X) >= X because [5], by (Select) 33] yap(F, X) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) because [34], by (Star) 34] yap*(F, X) >= #argfun-yap##(@_{o -> o}(F, X)) because yap > #argfun-yap## and [35], by (Copy) 35] yap*(F, X) >= @_{o -> o}(F, X) because yap > @_{o -> o}, [36] and [38], by (Copy) 36] yap*(F, X) >= F because [37], by (Select) 37] F >= F by (Meta) 38] yap*(F, X) >= X because [39], by (Select) 39] X >= X by (Meta) By the observations in [Kop12, Sec. 6.6], this reduction pair suffices; we may thus replace a dependency pair problem (P_3, R_0) by ({}, R_0). By the empty set processor [Kop12, Thm. 7.15] this problem may be immediately removed. As all dependency pair problems were succesfully simplified with sound (and complete) processors until nothing remained, we conclude termination. +++ Citations +++ [Kop12] C. Kop. Higher Order Termination. PhD Thesis, 2012. [Kop13:2] C. Kop. StarHorpo with an Eta-Rule. Unpublished manuscript, http://cl-informatik.uibk.ac.at/users/kop/etahorpo.pdf, 2013.